Xuedong Huang

Xuedong David Huang (born October 20, 1962) is a Chinese-American computer scientist and technology executive who has made contributions to spoken language processing and artificial intelligence, including Azure AI Services. He is Zoom's chief technology officer after serving as Microsoft's Technical Fellow and Azure AI Chief Technology Officer for 30 years. Huang is a strong advocate of AI for Accessibility, and AI for Cultural Heritage. == Education == Huang received his PhD from the University of Edinburgh in 1989 (sponsored by the British ORS and Edinburgh University Scholarship), his MS from Tsinghua University in 1984, and BS from Hunan University in 1982. == Career == After receiving his PhD in 1989, Huang joined Carnegie Mellon University and worked with Raj Reddy and Kai-Fu Lee on speech recognition. At CMU, he directed the Sphinx-II speech system research which achieved the best performance in every category of DARPA's 1992 benchmarking. Microsoft Research recruited him to found and lead Microsoft's spoken language initiatives in 1993. His co-authored book Spoken Language Processing and his Historical speech recognition review succinctly summarize several generations of spoken language research. As Microsoft's Mr. Speech for three decades, Huang has been instrumental in creating Microsoft's Speech Application Programming Interface (SAPI), shipping Microsoft Speech Server, and modernizing spoken language and integrative AI services via Azure AI, which not only enables millions of 3rd party customers but also powers up Microsoft's Windows, Office, Teams, and Azure OpenAI Services. Huang helped Microsoft and Azure Cognitive Services achieve multiple industry's first human parity milestones on the following open research tasks: transcribing conversational speech, machine translation, conversational QnA, and computer vision image captioning. Huang has made significant contributions to the software and AI industry through his executive leadership and his scientific publications, owning more than 170 US patents and impacting billions through Azure AI enabled products and services. In 2016, Wired magazine named him one of 25 Geniuses. In 2021, Azure AI was named the winner of InfoWorld's Technology of the Year Award. Huang was awarded the Allen Newell research excellence medal in 1992, and IEEE Speech Processing Best Paper in 1993. He was recognized as an IEEE Fellow by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 2000, named ACM Fellow by Association for Computing Machinery in 2017, and a member of Washington State Academy of Sciences. Huang received 2022 Asian American Corporate Leadership Award, and IEEE Amar Bose Industrial Leader Award. In 2023, he was elected a member of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

List of C++ software and tools

This is a list of notable software and programming tools for the C++ programming language, including libraries, web frameworks, programming language implementations, compilers, integrated development environments (IDEs), and other related software development utilities. == Compilers and IDEs == AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler — proprietary fork of LLVM + Clang for Linux C++Builder — rapid application development (RAD) environment Clang – compiler front end for C, C++, and Objective-C, part of LLVM CLion — C++ IDE by JetBrains Code::Blocks — open-source cross-platform IDE that supports multiple compilers including GCC, Clang and Visual C++ CodeLite — cross-platform IDE for the C/C++ programming languages using the wxWidgets toolkit CodeSynthesis XSD – XML Data Binding compiler Dev-C++ — MinGW or TDM-GCC 64bit port of the GCC as its compiler GCC – GNU Compiler Collection Intel C++ Compiler – proprietary high-performance compiler by Intel KDevelop — IDE part of the KDE project and is based on KDE Frameworks and Qt, the C/C++ backend uses Clang. Microsoft Visual C++ – proprietary C++ compiler and IDE for Windows Oracle Developer Studio — Solaris, OpenSolaris, RHEL, and Oracle Linux operating systems. Qt Creator — part of the SDK for the Qt GUI application development framework and uses the Qt API SlickEdit — text editor and IDE Turbo C++ – legacy C++ IDE and compiler popular in the 1990s Understand — IDE that enables static code analysis through an array of visuals, documentation, and metric tools. Visual Studio — integrated development environment by Microsoft that supports C++ Visual Studio Code — integrated development environment by Microsoft that supports C++ Xcode — Apple IDE to develop macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and visionOS that supports C++ source code. == Debuggers == Allinea DDT – a graphical debugger dbx — a proprietary source-level debugger GNU Debugger – portable debugger that runs on many Unix-like systems Modular Debugger — a C/C++ source level debugger for Solaris and derivates Undo LiveRecorder — time travel debugger == Libraries == Active Template Library – template-based C++ classes developed by Microsoft Apache MXNet — deep learning framework Apache Xerces – parsing, validating, and serializing and manipulating XML. Asio — networking and low-level I/O library Bitpit — scientific computing and mesh manipulation library Boost — collection of peer-reviewed libraries Botan — cryptography library C++ AMP – easy way to write programs that compile and execute on data-parallel hardware, such as graphics cards and GPUs C++ Standard Library — standard library for the language C++/WinRT — library for Microsoft's Windows Runtime platform, designed to provide access to modern Windows APIs. C3D Toolkit — geometric modeling kernel Caffe — deep learning framework CAPD — library for rigorous numerics and dynamical systems Cassowary — constraint-solving toolkit that efficiently solves systems of linear equalities and inequalities Cinder — library for creative coding ClanLib — cross-platform game SDK CMU Sphinx — speech recognition system Crypto++ — cryptographic algorithms library Dlib — general-purpose cross-platform library Dune — partial differential equations using grid-based methods fastText — text representation and text classification library FLTK — GUI toolkit Geospatial Data Abstraction Library — geospatial data access library GDCM — image library General Polygon Clipper — polygon clipping library GiNaC — computer algebra system that uses Class Library for Numbers for implementing arbitrary-precision arithmetic GLFW — OpenGL and window management library HarfBuzz — text rendering and typesetting library High Efficiency Image File Format — digital container format for storing individual digital images and image sequences ITK — image analysis library Integrated Performance Primitives — domain-specific functions that are highly optimized for diverse Intel architectures Jackets library — GPU computing library JSBSim — open-source flight dynamics model JUCE — framework for audio applications KDE Frameworks — collection of libraries from the KDE project KFRlib — digital signal processing framework LEMON — library for optimization and graph problems LevelDB — key–value database library Libdash — MPEG-DASH streaming library libLAS — reading and writing geospatial data encoded in the ASPRS laser (LAS) file format libsigc++ — typesafe callbacks LibRaw — free and open-source software library for reading raw files from digital cameras libSBML — application programming interface (API) for the SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language) LIBSVM — sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm for kernelized support vector machines Libx — DirectX .X files graphics library Loki — collection of design patterns LIVE555 — multimedia streaming library Metakit — embedded database library Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit — deep learning toolkit Microsoft Foundation Class Library — object-oriented library for developing desktop applications for Windows Microsoft SEAL — homomorphic encryption library mlpack — machine learning and AI library Mobile Robot Programming Toolkit — robotics research library Object Windows Library — Object Windows Library, superseded by VCL Open Cascade — CAD and 3D modeling library Open Asset Import Library — 3D model import library to provide a common API for different 3D asset file formats OpenCV – computer vision and machine learning library OpenFOAM — computational fluid dynamics toolkit OpenH264 — real-time encoding and decoding video streams in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC format OpenImageIO — image processing library Open Inventor — higher layer of programming for OpenGL OpenNN — neural networks library OpenVDB — sparse volume data library openFrameworks — creative coding toolkit OpenRTM-aist — robotics middleware library Oracle Template Library — database access that supports IBM Db2 and Open Database Connectivity Orfeo toolbox — remote sensing image processing library OR-Tools — operations research and optimization library Parallel Augmented Maps — ordered sets, ordered maps, and augmented maps. Parallel Patterns Library — Microsoft library that provides features for multicore programming PhysX — physics simulation engine POCO C++ Libraries — general-purpose libraries for software development Poppler — PDF rendering library Protocol Buffers — data serialization library Qt — cross-platform widget toolkit QuantLib — quantitative finance library RocksDB — key–value database library ROOT — data analysis framework from CERN ROS — robotics middleware Scintilla — source code editing component SDL – Simple DirectMedia Layer, cross-platform development library for multimedia applications SFML – Simple and Fast Multimedia Library Shark – open-source machine learning library Shogun — machine learning toolbox Skia — 2D graphics library Snappy — compression library Sound Object Library — music and audio development Standard Template Library — library of containers and algorithms Stapl — parallel computing library SymbolicC++ — symbolic computation library TerraLib — GIS library Tesseract OCR — optical character recognition engine Threading Building Blocks — parallel computing library ThreadWeaver — concurrency framework Tiny-dnn — lightweight deep learning library TinyXML — lightweight XML parser Tkrzw — key–value databases VTD-XML — XML processing library wxWidgets — cross-platform GUI toolkit x265 — video encoding library for HEVC XGBoost — gradient boosting library Windows Template Library — Win32 development === Mathematical and numerical libraries === == Tools == Akonadi — a C++/Qt framework and storage service for personal information management BALL – framework and set of algorithms and data structures for molecular modelling and computational structural bioinformatics Boehm garbage collector – conservative garbage collector CEGUI — C++ GUI library ClanLib – video game SDK CMake — cross-platform build system for C++ projects Confidential Consortium Framework – blockchain infrastructure framework DaviX – WebDAV client Doxygen — documentation generator for C++ and other languages FLTK — Fast Light Toolkit, cross-platform GUI library Fox toolkit — C++ GUI toolkit GDB — GNU Project debugger, often used with C and C++ gtkmm — official C++ interface for the popular GUI library GTK HOOPS Visualize — 3D computer graphics HPX — partitioned global address space Parallel programming Runtime System JUCE — cross-platform C++ audio and GUI framework LessTif — free clone of Motif GUI toolkit MFC — Microsoft Foundation Class library Nana — modern C++ GUI toolkit PTK Toolkit — 2D rendering engine and SDK, and portability options. Qt — cross-platform C++ GUI toolkit Rogue Wave — C++ GUI toolkit TnFOX — C++ GUI toolkit Ultimate++ — cross-platform C++ GUI framework Valgrind — tool suite for debugging and profiling C/C++ programs wxWidgets — cross-platform C++ GUI toolkit x265 — encoder for creating digital video streams in the High Efficiency Vid

WEA Manufacturing

WEA Manufacturing was the record, tape, and compact disc manufacturing arm of WEA International Inc. from 1978 to 2003, when it was sold and merged into Cinram International, a previous competitor. The last owner when the plant closed was Technicolor. == History == WEA Manufacturing Inc. was created in 1978–1979 when Warner Communications Inc. purchased two of its longtime suppliers: the record pressing plants Specialty Records Corporation (Olyphant, Pennsylvania) and Allied Record Company (Los Angeles). The company was headquartered in Olyphant, where the original plant was replaced in late 1981 by a new facility which retained the name Specialty Records Corporation. The Specialty Records Corporation name was dropped in 1996 in favor of WEA Manufacturing. The company invested in CD manufacturing in 1986, matching a $247,000 contribution by economic development corporation Ben Franklin Technology Partners to develop and implement new processes of manufacturing audio CDs and CD-ROMs. BFTP assembled a team of experts in physics, electrical engineering, and thin film technology from the University of Scranton and Lehigh University to carry out the research and development. The Olyphant plant and another plant in Alsdorf, Germany, were expanded to support CD pressing that year, with the Olyphant facility's production commencing first in September 1986. WEA Manufacturing grew to become one of the largest manufacturers of recorded media in the world. The company began manufacturing Laserdiscs in July 1991. The company's DVD division, Warner Advanced Media Operations (WAMO), helped design the high-density format used in DVDs, and manufactured some of the first DVDs in the late 1990s. The company was sold to Cinram International in October 2003 and no longer exists under the name WEA Manufacturing, but the Olyphant plant continued to operate under its new ownership. In 2005, the company was Lackawanna County's largest employer, with over 2,300 people working at the Olyphant plant. Cinram closed the former Allied plant in 2006, while Technicolor (which purchased Cinram's assets in 2015) closed the Olyphant plant in 2018. == Patents == WEA Manufacturing held U.S. patents related to compact disc manufacture: Print scanner, (1993). Interference of converging spherical waves with application to the design of light-readable information-recording media and systems for reading such media, (2004). Method of manufacturing a composite disc structure and apparatus for performing the method, (2005). Methods and apparatus for reducing the shrinkage of an optical disc's clamp area and the resulting optical disc, (2005). == Litigation == In 1990, WEA Manufacturing was sued by a Canadian firm, Optical Recording Co. (ORC), for alleged infringement of two 1971 patents related to glass mastering equipment which was used by Time Warner and WEA Manufacturing in the manufacture of approximately 450 million CDs. ORC contended that unlike five other major CD manufacturers in the U.S., Time Warner had refused to license the technology from ORC. In 1992, a jury assessed damages of 6 cents per disc, plus $4–5 million in interest.

Polyfill (programming)

In software development, a polyfill is code that implements a new standard feature of a deployment environment within an old version of that environment that does not natively support the feature. Most often, it refers to JavaScript code that implements an HTML5 or CSS web standard, either an established standard (supported by some browsers) on older browsers, or a proposed standard (not supported by any browsers) on existing browsers. Polyfills are also used in PHP and Python. Polyfills allow web developers to use an API regardless of whether or not it is supported by a browser, and usually with minimal overhead. Typically they first check if a browser supports an API, and use it if available, otherwise using their own implementation. Polyfills themselves use other, more supported features, and thus different polyfills may be needed for different browsers. The term is also used as a verb: polyfilling is providing a polyfill for a feature. == Definition == The term is a neologism, coined by Remy Sharp, who required a word that meant "replicate an API using JavaScript (or Flash or whatever) if the browser doesn’t have it natively" while co-writing the book Introducing HTML5 in 2009. Formally, "a shim is a library that brings a new API to an older environment, using only the means of that environment." Polyfills exactly fit this definition; the term shim was also used for early polyfills. However, to Sharp shim connoted non-transparent APIs and workarounds, such as spacer GIFs for layout, sometimes known as shim.gif, and similar terms such as progressive enhancement and graceful degradation were not appropriate, so he invented a new term. The term is based on the multipurpose filling paste brand Polyfilla, a paste used to cover up cracks and holes in walls, and the meaning "fill in holes (in functionality) in many (poly-) ways." The word has since gained popularity, particularly due to its use by Paul Irish and in Modernizr documentation. The distinction that Sharp makes is: What makes a polyfill different from the techniques we have already, like a shim, is this: if you removed the polyfill script, your code would continue to work, without any changes required in spite of the polyfill being removed. This distinction is not drawn by other authors. At times various other distinctions are drawn between shims, polyfills, and fallbacks, but there are no generally accepted distinctions: most consider polyfills a form of shim. The term polyfiller is also occasionally found. == Examples == === core-js === core-js is one of the most popular JavaScript standard library polyfills. Includes polyfills for ECMAScript up to the latest version of the standard: promises, symbols, collections, iterators, typed arrays, many other features, ECMAScript proposals, some cross-platform WHATWG / W3C features and proposals like URL. You can load only required features or use it without global namespace pollution. It can be integrated with Babel, which allows it to automatically inject required core-js modules into your code. === html5shiv === In IE versions prior to 9, unknown HTML elements like

and